Vicious cycles

An unusual feature of the Encyclopedia is the identification of feedback loops and cycles. There has long been recognition of how one problem can impact on another. This Encyclopedia registers many relationships between problems in complex networks. Such relationships may form chains or pathways linking many problems. Hidden in the data as presented is also the existence of chains that loop back on themselves. 
 
Functionally and conceptually such vicious cycles may offer a better way to approach complex networks of problems. Any organization or policy maker focusing on a single problem needs to be aware of any vicious cycle of which that problem is a part. Unless the other problems in that cycle are addressed, the work towards a solution may be undermined, or worse, reinforcing other problems. Despite apparent success in responding to a particular problem in the short term, a narrow approach may not sustainably impact on its target problem if it is encouraging a vicious cycle. The problem may be regenerated by pressures building up in other parts of the cycle.
 
Currently detected loops can be found below. More details about vicious cycles can be found here.
 
Options:
There are 379 loops containing 5 nodes. The longest loop has 5 nodes.
 
  1. Substance abuse > Cultivation of illegal drugs > Illicit drug trafficking > Corruption of customs and excise officials > Inadequate drug control
  2. Uncontrolled immigration > Delays in processing immigration requests > Corruption of customs and excise officials > Refusal to issue travel documents, passports, visas > Illegal movement across frontiers
  3. Lack of leadership initiative > Lack of urgency in village operations > Dependence on authority > Unreceptive structures for citizen leadership > Ineffective operation of community networks
  4. Religious terrorism > Religious genocide > Religious repression > Religious and political antagonism > Religious war
  5. Natural environment degradation > Undervaluation of natural capital > Failure to take account of externalities of systems > Lack of incentive to care for community property > Undervaluation of nature in planning and decision making
  6. Paralyzing patterns between villages and administrative structures > Reluctance of professionals to take country positions > Restricted delivery of essential services to rural communities > Prohibitive cost of basic services > Inadequate public services for communication
  7. Unfocused design of community space > Ownership as a basis for land allocation > Short-term profit maximization > Profit-motivated utilization of construction technology > Prohibitive construction costs
  8. Limited historical method > Anachronism > Failure to profit from patterns of history > Commemoration of dishonourable historical events > Historical misrepresentation
  9. Restrictive business practices > Economic inefficiency > Economic inflation > Excessive costs > Non-viability of small states and territories
  10. Neglect of the aged > Loneliness in old age > Fear of growing old > Cult of youth > Disrespect for elders
  11. Hero worship > Disagreement among experts > Intellectual dissent > Intellectual conflict > Propaganda
  12. Boredom > Human errors and miscalculations > Underestimation of human potential > Human contingency > Meaninglessness
  13. Inadequate education of indigenous peoples > Exploitation of indigenous populations in employment > Exploitation of child labour > Illiteracy among indigenous peoples > Cultural isolation
  14. Natural environment degradation > Undervaluation of natural capital > Failure to take account of externalities of systems > Undervaluation of nature in planning and decision making > Criminal offences against the environment
  15. Global amnesia > Failure to profit from patterns of history > Commemoration of dishonourable historical events > Historical misrepresentation > Historical naivety
  16. Social fragmentation > Power complex > Psychological alienation > Prejudice > Refusal to participate
  17. Natural environment degradation > Undervaluation of natural capital > Commercialization of nature > Undervaluation of nature in planning and decision making > Criminal offences against the environment
  18. Taboo > Discrimination > Segregation > Inter-cultural misunderstanding > Communication breakdown
  19. Injurious accidents > Human disability > Discrimination > Neglect > Accident proneness
  20. Bureaucratic superiority > Limited accountability of public services > Inadequate system of political checks and balances > Governmental incompetence > Unchecked power of government bureaucracy
  21. Inappropriate policies > Unimplemented decisions > Unstructured local government in small communities > Lack of systems for achieving grassroots agreement > Uncoordinated policy-making
  22. Social inequality > Socio-economic poverty > Street children > Lack of education > Illiteracy
  23. Informal sector > Exploitation in employment > Socio-economic poverty > Street children > Lack of education
  24. Uncontrolled immigration > Delays in processing immigration requests > Refusal to issue travel documents, passports, visas > Restrictions on freedom of movement among countries > Illegal movement across frontiers
  25. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Undue control of prices by intermediaries > Felt community powerlessness > Thwarted community enthusiasm > Deteriorating rural community cooperation
  26. Lack of skilled workers > Unrestrained wage increases > Economic inflation > Instability of prices > Economic inefficiency
  27. Political apathy > Political ignorance > Ideological confusion > Political unfitness > Ideological discrimination in politics
  28. Irrelevant institutions > Obsolete methods > Obsolete industries > Institutional preoccupation with obsolete problems > Loss of institutional credibility
  29. Fragmentation of evidence > Inadequate evidence to convict known offenders > Tampering with official documents > False evidence > Arbitrary standards of evidence
  30. Silting of water systems > Water flow obstructions in watercourses > Breached levees > Environmentally destructive redirection of water flows > Interruption of water courses
  31. Defensive life stance > Psychological inhibition > Inhibiting shyness > Lack of assertiveness > Subservience
  32. Numbness towards others > Psychological ungroundedness > Fear of personal insecurity > Fear of the unknown > Fear of intimacy
  33. Inadequacies of the international monetary system > Uncertain status of monetary gold > National public debt > Limited national credit accessibility > Burden of servicing foreign public debt
  34. Inferior status employment > Incompatibility of traditional and new technologies > Westernization of traditional modes of life in developing countries > Elimination of traditional skills > Lack of job satisfaction
  35. Inadequate funding of international programmes > Inefficiency of international organizations > Loss of credibility in international institutions > Proliferation and duplication of international organizations and coordinating bodies > Unbridled competition among international organizations for scarce resources
  36. Unadapted community structures > Unstructured local government in small communities > Underdeveloped community leadership > Deficient communal mandate > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  37. Culture shock > Inter-cultural misunderstanding > Communication breakdown > Psychological alienation > Prejudice
  38. Sleep deprivation > Mental fatigue > Obstacles to efficient utilization of time > Wasted time > Lack of time
  39. Sexual unfulfilment > Deception between sexual partners > Unsafe sex > Fear of sexual intercourse > Vaginismus
  40. Overtrafficked residential streets > Ineffective operation of community networks > Inadequate dissemination of local information > Insecure land tenure > Defective land use planning
  41. Conflict > Chaos > Ugliness > Discrimination > Denial of human rights
  42. Discrepancies in human life evaluation > Inadequate firearm regulation > Psychotic violence > Homicide > Capital punishment
  43. Social inequality > Cultural fragmentation > Segregation of poor and minority population in urban ghettos > Class consciousness > Social dictatorship
  44. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Unattractive development sites > Deficient business leadership > Delayed completion of essential infrastructure
  45. Marginalization of the inner self > Search for individualistic meaning > Unbridled individualism > Unshared mutual responsibility > Self-image unrelated to the external world
  46. Censorship > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness > Authoritarianism > Excessive government control
  47. Social conflict > Social intimidation > Forced participation in community activity > Exploitation > Denial of human rights
  48. Suppressed rage > Hate > Discrimination > Lack of racial identity > Frustration
  49. Uncontrolled urban development > Inappropriate local administrative organization > Inadequate local government financing > Unethical practices in local government > Irresponsible social designers
  50. Injurious accidents > Human disability > Discrimination > Neglect > Risk
  51. Silting of water systems > Water flow obstructions in watercourses > Inadequate land drainage > Soil compaction > Soil erosion
  52. Emotional disorders > Fear of intimacy > Social inadequacy of men > Paternal negligence > Emotional abuse of children
  53. Sexual unfulfilment > Male homosexuality > Sexual abuse > Addiction to sex > Paraphilia
  54. Fragmentation of religious belief > Religious intolerance > Religious propaganda > Religious deception > New Age spirituality
  55. Unaccountability of international financial institutions > Inadequate environmental concerns of international financial institutions > Over-dependency on international financial institutions > Defaults on international loans > Restrictive conditions on loans through intergovernmental facilities
  56. Silting of water systems > Water flow obstructions in watercourses > Environmentally destructive redirection of water flows > Interruption of water courses > Soil erosion
  57. Censorship > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness > Extremism > Intolerance
  58. Limited local respect for regional and global legislation > Inadequate laws > Proliferation of legislation > Proliferation of litigation > Law enforcement complexity
  59. Social fragmentation > Underprivileged minorities > Cultural deprivation > Cultural fragmentation > Lack of social mobility
  60. Disengagement of citizens from community activities > Overemphasis on individual rights > Misrepresentation of self-sufficiency as socially responsible > Unprofessional health care > Limited horizons produced by survival living
  61. Natural environment degradation > Undervaluation of natural capital > Commercialization of nature > Decline of human relationship to nature > Presumptuous management of the environment
  62. Forest fires > Pests and diseases of trees > Forest decline > Shortage of firewood > Destructive camping practices
  63. Impairment > Uncertainty > Error > Withdrawal > Stagnation
  64. Theological collapse > Religious apathy > Trivialization of religious belief > Loss of faith in religion > Secularization
  65. Limited social guidance by older generations > Inadequate adult guidance > Social irresponsibility of youth > Discrimination against youth > Generation communication gap
  66. Victimization of children > Vulnerable children > Marginalized young people > Debilitating poverty image > Subservience
  67. Trafficking in children for adoption > Adoption of children by unsuitable parents > Annulment of adoption > Refusal of adoption > Childlessness
  68. Substance abuse > Illicit trade in prescribed drugs > Overprescription of drugs > Excessive proliferation of medical drugs > Inadequate drug control
  69. Policy vacuum > Irrelevant institutions > Inappropriate assumptions > Inaccurate forecasting > Unrealistic policies
  70. Natural human abortion > Bereavement > Loneliness > Stress in human beings > Tobacco smoking
  71. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Ineffective systems of practical education > Haphazard transmission of practical technology > Lack of specialized technology
  72. Zoonoses > Inadequately cooked foods > Helminthiasis > Malnutrition > Defective immune system
  73. Vomiting > Jaundice > Complications of childbirth > Head injuries > Meningitis
  74. Social fragmentation > Underprivileged minorities > Cultural deprivation > Cultural fragmentation > Social conflict
  75. Language as a barrier to communication > Unethical use of language > Loss of linguistic tradition > Isolation of speakers of unwritten languages > Segregation through language
  76. Inappropriate policies > Difficult distribution decisions > Avoidance of decision-making > Fragmented decision-making > Undemocratic policy-making
  77. Prohibitive cost of water > Prohibitive irrigation costs > Inadequate water system infrastructure > Waste of water > Shortage of fresh-water
  78. Unreliability > Uncertainty > Lack of satisfaction > Impatience > Forgetfulness
  79. Restricted scope of local employment > Arrested development of labour potential > Unemployed skilled labour > Inadequate human resources development > Excessive dependence of local communities on outside services
  80. Scientific ignorance > Anti-science > Unjustly persecuted scientists > Inhibited scientific investigation > Irrelevant scientific activity
  81. Abusive distribution of political patronage > Abuse of government power > Inadequate system of political checks and balances > Governmental incompetence > Unchecked power of government bureaucracy
  82. Unpredictable governmental policy > Unimplemented decisions > Unstructured local government in small communities > Lack of systems for achieving grassroots agreement > Uncoordinated policy-making
  83. Political apathy > Political opportunism > Political bribery > Undemocratic political organization > Political repression
  84. Family breakdown > Loneliness in old age > Fear of growing old > Retirement as a threat to psychological well-being > Chronic alcoholism
  85. Inadequate evidence to convict known offenders > Tampering with official documents > False evidence > Arbitrary standards of evidence > Graymail
  86. Avoidance of reality > Unrealistic expectations > Conceptual repression of problems > Inaction on problems > Oppressive reality
  87. Ineffective functional training > Unequal global distribution of basic skills > Unavailability of appropriate expertise > Irrelevant available information > Limited availability of functional information
  88. Substance abuse > Prohibitive medical expenses > Misallocation of resources in health services > Disorders of the skin > Low self esteem
  89. Deteriorating rural community cooperation > Disruptive rural to urban migration > Uncontrolled physical expansion of cities > Fragmentation of communities by automobiles > Scattered housing locations
  90. Avoidance of reality > Impoverishment of political debate > Preoccupation with isolated problems > Inaction on problems > Oppressive reality
  91. Ideological conflict > Propaganda > Intolerance > Censorship > Repression of intellectual dissidents
  92. Excessive external trade deficits > Decline in import capacity > Unproductive import substitution > Inadequate production capacity > Restricted growth in export markets
  93. Racism > Slavery > Brutality > Atrocities > Distorted exclusiveness of social groups
  94. Declining local businesses > Informal sector > Underpayment for work > Marginal level of family income > Subsistence approach to capital resources
  95. Traditionalism > Class consciousness > Discrepancies in human life evaluation > Abandonment by the international community > Occidentalism
  96. Medication side effects > Restrictive practices in trade in pharmaceutical products > Insufficient medical supplies > Unauthorized pharmaceutical manufacture and distribution > Inadequate testing of drugs
  97. Physical intimidation > Personal physical insecurity > Inadequate firearm regulation > Psychotic violence > Vigilantism
  98. Underutilization of potential in local communities > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Socio-economically inactive population > Undiversified tax base > Deteriorating community identity
  99. Unconstrained exploitation of natural resources > Waste of non-renewable resources > Environmental pollution > Suppression of information concerning environmental safety > Lack of environmental accountability
  100. Overcrowding of housing and accommodation > Illegal occupation of unoccupied property > Disagreements over property rights > Unethical practices by property tenants > Irresponsible property tenants
  101. Unavailability of appropriate expertise > Dependence on external expertise > Inadequacies of foreign consultants > Irresponsible experts > Disagreement among experts
  102. Tradition-bound social structures in rural areas > Restrictive patterns of tradition-bound lifestyle > Limited horizons produced by survival living > Static social relations inhibiting vision of the future > Undetermined procedures for adapting tradition-bound cultures
  103. Cultural fragmentation > Taboo > Discrimination > Persecution > Uncontrolled migration
  104. Unadapted community structures > Loss of traditional forms of social security > Subsistence life style > Restricted opportunity for community activity > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  105. Economic inflation > Fluctuations in real value of money > Insecurity of employment > Denial of right to work > Strikes
  106. Unadapted community structures > Unstructured local government in small communities > Insufficient means for community initiative > Undermined citizen confidence > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  107. Male domination > Discrimination against women > Misandrony > Female separatism > Single-sex education
  108. Vulnerability of marriage as an institution > Diffusion of family role expectations > Limitations of monogamy > Divorce > Living alone
  109. Counter-dependency > Subsistence life style > Tradition-bound social structures in rural areas > Restrictive patterns of tradition-bound lifestyle > Limited horizons produced by survival living
  110. Proliferation of legislation > Proliferation of litigation > Law enforcement complexity > Inadequate law enforcement > Inadequate laws
  111. Paralyzing patterns between villages and administrative structures > Disorganized liaison with formal support > Restricted delivery of essential services to rural communities > Prohibitive cost of basic services > Inadequate public services for communication
  112. Unethical practices in natural resource management > Inequitable access to natural resources > Unbridled competition for scarce resources > War > Profiteering
  113. Lack of support for local commercial services > Untapped potential for retail trade in small towns > Declining local businesses > Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods
  114. Inadequacy of economic accounting systems > Lack of full cost accounting of consumer products > Inadequate environmental awareness > Inadequate legislation against environmental pollution > Failure to apply polluter pays principle
  115. Boredom > Human errors and miscalculations > Disasters > Human contingency > Meaninglessness
  116. Inappropriate cash crop policy > Instability of the commodities trade > Excessive external trade deficits > Deterioration in external financial position of countries > Burden of servicing foreign public debt
  117. Neglect > Destruction of human heritage > Lack of variety of social life forms > Monotonous quality of life > Psychological inertia
  118. Paralyzing patterns between villages and administrative structures > Reluctance of professionals to take country positions > Limited availability of education in rural areas > Limited exposure to outside influences in rural villages > Prejudicial community self-reliance
  119. Prostitution > Vulnerability of marriage as an institution > Diffusion of family role expectations > Limitations of monogamy > Paraphilia
  120. Lack of skilled workers > Unrestrained wage increases > Economic inflation > Fluctuations in real value of money > Economic inefficiency
  121. Substance abuse > Defective immune system > Hazards to human health in the natural environment > Disorders of the skin > Low self esteem
  122. Cynicism > Complacency > Fixation on partial solutions to problems > Institutional preoccupation with obsolete problems > Loss of institutional credibility
  123. Counter-dependency > Situationism > Libertarianism > Trivialization of liberty > Marginalization of the inner self
  124. Declining agricultural land > Subsistence agricultural income level in rural communities > Lack of farmer protection > Degradation of cultivated land systems > Destruction of agricultural land
  125. Economic and industrial production instability > Prohibitive cost of living > Poor living conditions > Strikes > Economic inflation
  126. Inadequate evidence to convict known offenders > False evidence > Arbitrary standards of evidence > Abuse of public trust by statutory professions > Placement of the burden of proof on the disempowered
  127. Weak organization of community action > Local economic failure > Thwarted community enthusiasm > Declining community confidence in its ability to change > Lack of urgency in village operations
  128. Ignorance > Uncertainty > Unbelief > Distrust > Doubt
  129. Low self esteem > Intimidation by children > Cruelty to children > Repressed memories > Suppressed rage
  130. Modern disruption of traditional symbol systems > Reinforced parochialism of internal values and images > Parochial national interests > International aid paternalism > Westernization of traditional modes of life in developing countries
  131. Police negligence > Mistrust of police > Public assaults on police > Police demoralization > Police indifference to community
  132. Conflict > Harmful thought > Decline in deference > Loss of traditional forms of social security > Inadequate defence
  133. Irresponsible nationalism > Totalitarianism > Subversion > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness
  134. Cynicism > Political apathy > Political alienation > Political ignorance > Ideological confusion
  135. Social conflict > Scapegoats > Persecution > Uncontrolled migration > Cultural fragmentation
  136. Chronic alcoholism > Human ageing > Grey human hair > Fear of growing old > Retirement as a threat to psychological well-being
  137. Unethical financial practices > Unethical commercial practices > Unethical practices in the public sector > Unjust allocation of government contracts > Contract fraud
  138. Police indifference to community > Police non-cooperation with government authorities > Inadequate emergency services > Commercialization of crime-prevention > Police demoralization
  139. Lack of emphasis on basic education > Inaccessible educational facilities > Lack of opportunities for practical training in communities > > Inferior status employment
  140. Subversion > Compulsory indoctrination > Extremism > Political tensions > Political conflict
  141. Injurious accidents > Loss of earning power > Lack of racial identity > Frustration > Fatigue
  142. Unexplained phenomena > Procrastination of science in the face of the unexplained > Scientific misconduct > Dogmatic scientific orthodoxy > Ignorance
  143. Unethical practices in transportation > Inadequate enforcement of environmental regulations > Inadequate safeguards against fire > Inflammable and flammable substances > Transport of dangerous goods
  144. Ethnic conflict > Ethnic cleansing > Rape by military personnel > Children engendered by occupying soldiers > Mixed race marriage
  145. Unethical practices in natural resource management > Shortage of natural resources > Unbridled competition for scarce resources > War > Profiteering
  146. Lack of human unity > Continentalism > International economic injustice > World anarchy > Human inequality
  147. Lack of political will > Irrelevant institutions > Inappropriate assumptions > False consciousness > Gradualism
  148. Limitations on capital development in rural areas > Prohibitive cost of cooperative start-up > Fragmented agricultural development > Underdeveloped potential of community basic resources > Seasonal fluctuations in food production
  149. Cultural arrogance > Language as a barrier to communication > Cultural discrimination > Discrimination against minorities > Insufficient minority culture support
  150. Official secrecy > Erosion of journalistic immunity > Lack of press freedom > Political apathy > Unethical practices of government
  151. Unconstrained exploitation of natural resources > Indiscriminate economic development > Environmental pollution > Suppression of information concerning environmental safety > Lack of environmental accountability
  152. Employment at risk through elimination of industrial pollution > Wasteful industries > Environmental hazards of industrialization > Inadequate legislation against environmental pollution > Havens for environmental pollution
  153. Ideological conflict > Political repression > Censorship > Repression of intellectual dissidents > Ideological confusion
  154. Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Deteriorating community identity > Underutilization of potential in local communities > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Discrimination against local community shopping facilities
  155. Disharmony of water in the body > Disharmony of Fire in the body > Disharmony of Metal in the body > Disharmony of Wood in the body > Disharmony of Earth in the body
  156. Ineffectiveness of individual participation in large communities > Undermined citizen confidence > Depersonalization of responsibility > Fragmented social responsibility > Self-image unrelated to the external world
  157. Discrimination against immigrants and aliens > Structural rigidities in labour markets > Limited exchange of skills among developing countries > Inadequate human resources development > Migrant labour
  158. Paralyzing patterns between villages and administrative structures > Neglect of agricultural and rural life > Thwarted community enthusiasm > Deteriorating rural community cooperation > Disruptive rural to urban migration
  159. Natural environment degradation > Undervaluation of natural capital > Failure to take account of externalities of systems > Lack of incentive to care for community property > Unconstrained exploitation of natural resources
  160. Injurious accidents > Human disability > Lack of ability > Lack of time > Sleep deprivation
  161. Limited social guidance by older generations > Failure to profit from patterns of history > Paralysis of elders faced with the future > Unmeaningful social roles for the aged > Neglect of the aged
  162. Neglect of the aged > Limited strength of elders > Susceptibility of the old to physical ill-health > Inadequate welfare services for the aged > Dependency of the elderly
  163. Ineffectiveness of foreign aid > Lack of participation in development > Inappropriate development policy > Inappropriate design of development projects > Misappropriation of resources for high cost civil engineering projects
  164. Thwarted community enthusiasm > Breakdown of local community cohesion > Prevailing community insecurity > Parochial preoccupation with community problems > Self-defeating style of community planning
  165. Inadequate evidence to convict known offenders > False evidence > Unavailability of legal information > Government failure to prosecute offenders > Neglect of victims of crime
  166. Unadapted significance of cultural tradition > Contempt for traditional atttitudes to nature > Insufficient minority culture support > Commercialization of culture > Inadequate appreciation of culture
  167. Unadapted community structures > Unstructured local government in small communities > Lack of systems for achieving grassroots agreement > Undermined citizen confidence > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  168. Operational ineffectiveness of international NGOs > Emasculation of role of non-governmental organizations > Unbridled competition among international NGOs for scarce resources > Inadequate funding of international NGOs > Inadequate facilities for international nongovernmental organization action
  169. Censorship > Conformism > Hypocrisy > Frustration > Profanity
  170. Social injustice > Social underdevelopment > Social neglect > Inequality of opportunity > Plural society tensions
  171. Economic dependence upon socially undesirable activities > Government hypocrisy > Government treachery > Misuse of statistics > Irresponsible tobacco and cigarette advertising
  172. Sleep deprivation > Mental fatigue > Obstacles to efficient utilization of time > Limited leisure time > Sleep-wake schedule disorder
  173. Prostitution > Vulnerability of marriage as an institution > Discrimination against women > Disobedient wives > Adultery
  174. Deliberate ignorance during policy-making > Blame avoidance > Abdication of responsibility on achieving political office > Limited decision-making context > Avoidance of decision-making
  175. Global warming > Environmental insecurity > Insecure land tenure > Defective land use planning > Unsustainable agricultural development
  176. Ineffectiveness of individual participation in large communities > Undermined citizen confidence > Reluctance to join in community action > Fragmented social responsibility > Self-image unrelated to the external world
  177. Inadequate evidence to convict known offenders > Inadequate law enforcement > Inadequate prevention of crime > Acceptance of violence > Neglect of victims of crime
  178. Subversion > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness > Authoritarianism > Police intimidation
  179. Unethical practices in natural resource management > Inequitable access to natural resources > Socially unsustainable development > Destabilization of social systems > Profiteering
  180. Long-term changes in atmospheric chemistry > Large-scale weather anomalies > Drought > Fires > Air pollution
  181. Dissatisfaction with personal image > Excessive exercise > Rosacea > Acne > Unsightly skin blemishes
  182. Restrictive trade practices > Restricted growth in export markets > Excessive concentration of export markets > Inability of countries to adopt appropriate exchange rate policies > Imbalance of payments
  183. Non-parental custody of children > Trafficking in children for adoption > Refusal of adoption > Childlessness > Marital instability
  184. Hero worship > Religious deception > New Age spirituality > Conspiracy theories > Propaganda
  185. Social conflict > Scapegoats > Persecution > Social injustice > Social underdevelopment
  186. Haphazard forms of social ethics > Inadequate community policing > Sectarianism > Parent-teacher non-communication > Minimal church-school involvement
  187. Excessive population mobility > Adjustment difficulties of new urban families > Urban slums > Urban overcrowding > Impersonality of high density accommodation
  188. Inadequate drug control > Abuse of prescription drugs > Illicit trade in prescribed drugs > Overprescription of drugs > Excessive proliferation of medical drugs
  189. Unadapted community structures > Unstructured local government in small communities > Excessive dispersion of community facilities > Inadequate dissemination of local information > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  190. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Unpublicized educational possibilities > Haphazard transmission of practical technology > Lack of specialized technology
  191. Silting of water systems > Water flow obstructions in watercourses > Floods > Soil erosion by water > Suspended matter in water
  192. Inappropriate policies > Difficult distribution decisions > Imposed official decisions > Fragmented decision-making > Undemocratic policy-making
  193. Unethical practices relating to development > Lack of participation in development > Inappropriate development policy > Inappropriate design of development projects > Inadequate control of development projects
  194. Fear of death > Deluded quest for immortality > Excessive longevity > Living alone > Mental disorders of the aged
  195. Cultural fragmentation > Taboo > Discrimination > Segregation > Lack of assimilation
  196. Animal diseases > Agricultural use of draught animals > Misuse of agricultural resources for production of animal feed > Prohibitive livestock husbandry costs > Inadequate feeding of animals
  197. Unhealthy anxiety > Sleep disorders > Hallucinations > Unidentified flying objects > False nuclear warfare alerts
  198. Kidney disorders > Hypertension > Gout > Vascular disease > Diseases of the lymphatic system
  199. Bureaucratic inaction > Inadequate public information concerning problems > Underreported issues > Evasion of issues > Non-recognition of problems
  200. Inadequate care of community space > Minimum promotion of community assets > Declining community population > Continuing expectation of community decline > Reluctance to join in community action
  201. Polluted drinking water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Water salinization > Inadequate water system infrastructure
  202. National insecurity and vulnerability > Exploitation of confusion between public and government interest > Withholding of information > Inappropriate arguments > Polarization of local conflicts
  203. Dependence of communities on external planning > Felt community powerlessness > Lack of leadership initiative > Unformed pattern of cooperative action > Disconnected community initiatives
  204. Fragmented planning of community life > Shrinking community life > Lack of leadership initiative > Unformed pattern of cooperative action > Lack of community involvement in environmental protection
  205. Animal diseases > Agricultural use of draught animals > Misuse of agricultural resources for production of animal feed > Prohibitive livestock husbandry costs > Inadequate animal husbandry
  206. Inadequate social reform > Social underdevelopment > Social neglect > Harmful thought > General obstacles to problem alleviation
  207. Unexplored opportunities for community education > Unprepared leadership > Lack of leadership initiative > Lack of urgency in village operations > Debilitating education images
  208. Fragmentation > Disintegration > Fear > Inactivity > Regression
  209. Inadequate early warning of disasters > Disasters > Human contingency > Insecurity > False alarms
  210. Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Deteriorating community identity > Underutilization of potential in local communities > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Discouraging conditions for small business
  211. Persistent crying of babies > Parental punishment > Family violence > Negative effects of maternity > Postnatal depression
  212. Chronic alcoholism > Massive avoidable ill-health > Underpopulation > Ageing of world population > Retirement as a threat to psychological well-being
  213. Prohibitive cost of water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Water salinization > Shortage of fresh-water
  214. Excessive government control > Restrictions on freedom of information > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness > Authoritarianism
  215. Natural environment degradation > Resource depletion > Scarce resources > Unbridled competition for scarce resources > Unethical practices in natural resource management
  216. Unadapted significance of cultural tradition > Contempt for traditional atttitudes to nature > Loss of traditional forms of social security > Subsistence life style > Tradition-bound social structures in rural areas
  217. Dependence on religion > Monasticism > Religious hypocrisy > Trivialization of religious belief > Agnosticism
  218. Criminals > Crime > Personal physical insecurity > Interpersonal estrangement > Depersonalization of responsibility
  219. Hormone pollution > Uterine fibroids > Unnecessary gynaecological surgery > Menopause > Overuse of hormone replacement therapy
  220. Fragmented decision-making > Administrative delays > Unimplemented decisions > Unstructured local government in small communities > Lack of systems for achieving grassroots agreement
  221. Intimidation > Coercion > Corruption > Unreliability > Danger
  222. Sleep deprivation > Mental fatigue > Obstacles to efficient utilization of time > Hyperefficiency > Lack of time
  223. Disharmony of water in the body > Disharmony of Metal in the body > Disharmony of Earth in the body > Disharmony of Fire in the body > Disharmony of Wood in the body
  224. Lack of participation in local welfare programmes > Inadequate social welfare services > Exploitation of child labour > Restricted opportunity for community activity > Declining volunteer services
  225. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Felt community powerlessness > Thwarted community enthusiasm > Deteriorating rural community cooperation
  226. Political apathy > Political ignorance > Irresponsible political affiliations > Communist subversion in capitalist and neutral countries > Political repression
  227. Water insecurity > Conflicting claims to shared inland water resources > Inadequate integrated freshwater management > Unreliable water source > Inadequate water system infrastructure
  228. Paralyzing patterns between villages and administrative structures > Limited teacher facilities > Unexplored opportunities for community education > Unprepared leadership > Parochial leadership posture
  229. Religious rivalry > Inter-faith friction > Sectarian conflict > Segregation based on religious affiliation > Religious discrimination in education
  230. Social fragmentation > Power complex > Freemasonry > Religious intolerance > Impediments to marriage
  231. Irresponsible delimitation of policy responsibilities > Blame avoidance > Abdication of responsibility on achieving political office > Imperfect synthesis of concepts of sustainable development > Undervaluation of nature in planning and decision making
  232. Ideological conflict > Political repression > Political apathy > Political ignorance > Ideological confusion
  233. Social fragmentation > Scapegoats > Persecution > Social injustice > Social conflict
  234. Chronic alcoholism > Osteoporosis > Dependency of the elderly > Inadequate recreation for the elderly > Retirement as a threat to psychological well-being
  235. Inappropriate policies > Unimplemented decisions > Unstructured local government in small communities > Lack of systems for achieving grassroots agreement > Undemocratic policy-making
  236. Policy vacuum > Irrelevant institutions > Inappropriate assumptions > Unrealistic expectations > Unrealistic policies
  237. Global warming > Destabilization of ocean currents > Global cooling > Falling rate of carbon sequestration > Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
  238. Reluctance to join in community action > Fragmented social responsibility > Anti-community attitudes > Unformed pattern of cooperative action > Disconnected community initiatives
  239. Fear of death > Excessive prolongation of the dying process > Inhibited grief process > Bereavement > Mental disorders of the aged
  240. Irresponsible political affiliations > Communist subversion in capitalist and neutral countries > Political repression > Political alienation > Political ignorance
  241. Prejudice against communication by visual imagery > Functional illiteracy > Illiteracy as an obstacle to acquiring skills > Attitudinal obstacles to practical education > Hindrance of communication by illiteracy
  242. Silting of water systems > Desiccation of rivers > Environmentally destructive redirection of water flows > Interruption of water courses > Soil erosion
  243. Unadapted significance of cultural tradition > Modern disruption of traditional symbol systems > Obsolete basis of cultural identity > Erosion of cultural identity > Rapidly changing cultures
  244. Weak organization of community action > Small resident professional workforce > Unorganized labour potential > Restricted opportunity for community activity > Fragmented social responsibility
  245. Suppression of information concerning social problems > Governmental bias in statistics > Statistical errors > Statistical understatement > Misuse of statistics
  246. Social fragmentation > Power complex > Psychological alienation > Prejudice > Alienation
  247. Inadequate models of socio-economic development > Rapidly changing cultures > Resistance to change > Old Believers > Unchallenging world vision
  248. Water insecurity > Conflicting claims to shared inland water resources > Water deprivation of downstream locations > Unreliable water source > Inadequate water system infrastructure
  249. Inadequate education system > Debilitating education images > Insufficient educational incentives > Unequal opportunity for vocational training > Unsatisfied need for continuing education
  250. Undeveloped channels for commercial initiative > Risk of capital investment > Obsolete basis of cultural identity > Community demoralization > Discrimination against community enterprises
  251. Fragmented planning of community life > Inadequate dissemination of local information > Disengagement of citizens from community activities > Lack of social contact > Fragmented community image
  252. Prohibitive cost of water > Limited sewerage options > Inadequate sanitation infrastructure > Water pollution > Shortage of fresh-water
  253. Policy-making delays > Short-range planning for long-term development > Fragmented decision-making > Institutional fragmentation > Uncoordinated policy-making
  254. Homelessness > Vulnerability of women and children in emergencies > Destruction of civilian populations and institutions > Ineffective delivery of basic human resource services > Inadequate community care for transient urban populations
  255. Polluted drinking water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Unreliable water source > Inadequate water system infrastructure
  256. Adjustment difficulties of new urban families > Urban slums > Urban overcrowding > Segregation of poor and minority population in urban ghettos > Ineffective operation of community networks
  257. Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Deteriorating community identity > Underutilization of potential in local communities > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Limited market development
  258. Abusive national leadership > Inadequate system of political checks and balances > Governmental incompetence > Excessive government control > Dictatorship
  259. Global warming > Involuntary mass resettlement > Decline of traditional wild fire management > Forest fires > Deforestation
  260. Vulnerability of marriage as an institution > Alienation > Harmful thought > Decline in deference > Loss of traditional forms of social security
  261. Dependence on religion > Religious and political antagonism > Secularization > Trivialization of religious belief > Agnosticism
  262. Resistance to change > Avoidance of negative feedback > Ineffective decision-making processes > Disengagement of citizens from community activities > Suspicion of imposed change
  263. Underutilization of potential in local communities > Elimination of traditional skills > Fragmented community image > Fragmented planning of community life > Inadequate dissemination of local information
  264. Academic self-promotion > Commercialization of research > Shift to short-term research funding > Reward biased research > Plagiarism
  265. Scientific ignorance > Anti-science > Unrigorous academic disciplines > Self-perpetuating academic sub-cultures > Irrelevant scientific activity
  266. Inadequate water system infrastructure > Maldistribution of water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Unreliable water source
  267. Ageing of world population > Bereavement > Fear of death > Deluded quest for immortality > Excessive longevity
  268. Inaccessible educational facilities > Lack of opportunities for practical training in communities > Unperceived relevance of formal education in rural communities > Stagnating school enrolment > Closure of schools
  269. Racism > Slavery > Torture > Atrocities > Distorted exclusiveness of social groups
  270. Substance abuse > Cultivation of illegal drugs > Economic dependence of countries on the drug trade > Inadequate drug control > Illicit drug trafficking
  271. Financial risk > Infringement of privacy > Anti-science > Inconsistent risk evaluation > Inadequate spread of risk
  272. Deteriorating rural community cooperation > Disruptive rural to urban migration > Environmental degradation of inner city areas > Scarcity of residential land > Scattered housing locations
  273. Language as a barrier to communication > Uneconomic publishing markets for minority languages > Discrimination against minority languages > Endangered linguistic diversity > Segregation through language
  274. Fear > Illness > Uncertainty > Influencelessness > Danger
  275. Hormone pollution > Endometriosis > Unnecessary gynaecological surgery > Menopause > Overuse of hormone replacement therapy
  276. Emotional disorders > Multiple sclerosis > Paralysis > Locomotor disabilities > Personal physical disfigurement
  277. Natural environment degradation > Environmental insecurity > Insecure land tenure > Unsustainable agricultural development > Rival claims for conservation land
  278. Inadequate water system infrastructure > Maldistribution of water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Water salinization
  279. Ethnic conflict > Political conflict > National political disintegration > Foreign government intervention > Cultural invasion
  280. Prohibitive labour costs > Evasion of social costs by companies > Unethical practices by employees > Unethical trade union practices > Excessive demands of labour
  281. Inadequate models of socio-economic development > Inappropriate policies > International status race > Lack of appreciation of cultural differences > Inappropriate projection of values onto other cultures
  282. Inadequate research on proposed solutions to problems > Inadequate data > Unwillingness to resolve problems > Fixation on partial solutions to problems > Institutional preoccupation with obsolete problems
  283. Underdeveloped sources of income expansion > Dependency on unpredictable sources of income > Subsistence approach to capital resources > Uncoordinated development of economic sectors > Lack of rural industrialization
  284. Compromise as a betrayal of principles > Government treachery > Deception by government > Ineffective diplomacy > Abandonment by the international community
  285. Economically disadvantaged students > Insufficient educational incentives > Unequal opportunity for vocational training > Unsatisfied need for continuing education > Inadequate education system
  286. Dependence on religion > Monasticism > Dependence on mysticism > Religious intolerance > Religious rivalry
  287. Polluted drinking water > Inadequate water supply in rural communities > Overexploitation of underground water resources > Prohibitive cost of water > Fouling of water pipes
  288. Verbal ugliness > Language as a barrier to communication > Hindrance of communication by illiteracy > Prejudice against communication by visual imagery > Functional illiteracy
  289. Internationally non-cooperative governments > Limited acceptance of international treaties > Ineffective international agreements > Covert violation of international treaties > Non-verifiability of compliance with nuclear arms treaties
  290. Military and economic hegemony > Economic discrimination > Economic dependence > Economic imperialism > Underdevelopment of countries
  291. Financial panic > Exchange rate volatility > Misalignment of currencies > Unpredictable barriers to trade > Economic uncertainty
  292. Depressed industries > Underpayment for work > Marginal level of family income > Undiversified tax base > Unstable economic base
  293. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Lack of opportunities for practical training in communities > Underdeveloped technological skill > Lack of specialized technology
  294. Segregation > Personal isolation in modern communities > Psychological alienation > Prejudice > Discrimination
  295. Human death > Bereaved children > Non-parental custody of children > Maternal deprivation > Human disease and disability
  296. Fragmentation > Conflict > Intolerance > Censorship > Ignorance
  297. Mental depression > Bulimia nervosa > Gland disorders > Nutritional anaemias > Diseases and injuries of the brain
  298. Limited verbal skills > Corruption of meaning > Language as a barrier to communication > Uneconomic publishing markets for minority languages > Discrimination against minority languages
  299. Limited social guidance by older generations > Inadequate adult role models for youth > Campus romance > Distrust of interpersonal relationships > Generation communication gap
  300. Underutilization of potential in local communities > Parochial preoccupation with community problems > Fragmented community image > Fragmented planning of community life > Inadequate dissemination of local information
  301. Censorship > Compulsory indoctrination > Narrowmindedness > Authoritarianism > Intolerance
  302. Policy vacuum > Inappropriate policies > Difficult distribution decisions > Avoidance of decision-making > Deliberate ignorance during policy-making
  303. Foreign exchange reserve shortages > Export credit competition > Decline in export credits > Deterioration in external financial position of countries > Burden of servicing foreign public debt
  304. Ideological conflict > Political repression > Political alienation > Political ignorance > Ideological confusion
  305. Cultural invasion > Cultural underdevelopment > Ill-considered pressure to eliminate nakedness in indigenous cultures > Economic dependence > Economic imperialism
  306. Ideological conflict > Institutional conflict > Restrictions on the distribution of confidential government information > Obsolete information > Human errors and miscalculations
  307. Monopoly of the economy by corporations > Elitist control of global economy > Economic inefficiency > Instability of the world economy > Global financial crisis
  308. Delay > Wasted waiting time > Underproductivity > Lack of job satisfaction > Strikes
  309. Prostitution > Discrimination against women in employment > Lack of women in the advertising industry > Indecent advertising > Depersonalization of sex
  310. Urolithiasis > Cystitis > Kidney disorders > Hyperparathyroidism > Hypercalcaemia
  311. Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Limited market development > Socio-economically inactive population > Limited local markets for goods and services
  312. Social fragmentation > Scapegoats > Persecution > Social injustice > Lack of social mobility
  313. Underdeveloped sources of income expansion > Marginal level of family income > Subsistence approach to capital resources > Uncoordinated development of economic sectors > Lack of rural industrialization
  314. Delusions over responsibility for community improvements > Underutilization of potential in local communities > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Socio-economically inactive population > Inadequate local government financing
  315. Abuse of power > Coercion > Corruption > Mediocrity of government leaders > Unethical practices of government leaders
  316. Unadapted community structures > Fragmented community image > Fragmented planning of community life > Inadequate dissemination of local information > Disengagement of citizens from community activities
  317. Defeat > Uncertainty > Unbelief > Impairment > Disorganization
  318. Loss of confidence in government leaders > Contempt for democratic processes > Abuse of government power > Inadequate system of political checks and balances > Governmental incompetence
  319. Unadapted community structures > Unrecognized relevance of education > Inadequate education system > Debilitating education images > Unexplored opportunities for community education
  320. Verbal ugliness > Language as a barrier to communication > Uneconomic publishing markets for minority languages > Discrimination against minority languages > Limited verbal skills
  321. Natural environment degradation > Environmental insecurity > Insecure land tenure > Defective land use planning > Unsustainable agricultural development
  322. Vulnerability of nuclear power sources > Radioactive wastes > Radioactive contamination > Radiation damage to materials > Nuclear reactor accidents
  323. Dependence on sophisticated technology for development > Unvalued indigenous resources > Limited functional abilities > Underdeveloped farming skills > Insufficient information on plants
  324. Sleep deprivation > Mental fatigue > Obstacles to efficient utilization of time > Hyperefficiency > Overwork
  325. Juvenile delinquency > Detention of children > Militarization of children > Physically handicapped children > Maladjusted children
  326. Water flow obstructions in watercourses > Breached levees > Environmentally destructive redirection of water flows > Environmental degradation due to creation of dams > Earthquakes
  327. Natural human abortion > Childlessness > Artificial insemination > Late pregnancies > Congenital abnormalities
  328. Human death > Human denial of death > Denial of the right to die > Excessive prolongation of the dying process > Pain
  329. Homelessness > Vulnerability of the disabled during states of emergency > Destruction of civilian populations and institutions > Ineffective delivery of basic human resource services > Inadequate community care for transient urban populations
  330. Dependency of children > Emotional dependency in marriage > Separation under marriage law > Single parent children > Excessive intensification of parent-child relationship
  331. Inferior status employment > Incompatibility of traditional and new technologies > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods > Limited opportunities for significant work > Lack of job satisfaction
  332. Policy vacuum > Ineffective decision-making processes > Difficult distribution decisions > Avoidance of decision-making > Deliberate ignorance during policy-making
  333. Ischaemic stroke > Intellectual disability > Driving delinquency > Road traffic accidents > Head injuries
  334. Poor communications methods > Language as a barrier to communication > Hindrance of communication by illiteracy > Prejudice against communication by visual imagery > Inadequate structures for communication
  335. Lack of skilled manpower in rural areas > Excessive dependence of local communities on outside services > Restricted scope of local employment > Enticing attractions of urban employment > Lack of relevant education in rural communities
  336. Denial of right to education > Fragmented schooling > Inadequate education of indigenous peoples > Exploitation of indigenous populations in employment > Exploitation of child labour
  337. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Unattractive development sites > Deficient business leadership > Lack of specialized technology
  338. Elitism > Class consciousness > Social dictatorship > Class conflict > Social stratification
  339. Inappropriate policies > Defective land use planning > Deficient social planning > Decline in civic participation > Undemocratic policy-making
  340. Prohibitive cost of basic services > Inadequate domestic refuse disposal > Environmental pollution > Suppression of information concerning environmental safety > Inadequate safeguards against fire
  341. Inability of countries to adopt appropriate exchange rate policies > Imbalance of payments > Cyclic business recessions > Instability of the commodities trade > Excessive concentration of export markets
  342. Water insecurity > Conflicting claims to shared inland water resources > Water deprivation of downstream locations > Water salinization > Inadequate water system infrastructure
  343. Fragmentation of religious belief > Religious intolerance > Religious rivalry > Religious repression > Disintegration of organized religion
  344. Political dictatorship > Political instability > Foreign government intervention > Civil war > Martial law
  345. Political apathy > Political opportunism > Political bribery > Undemocratic political organization > Political injustice
  346. Restrictive trade practices > Restricted growth in export markets > Excessive external trade deficits > Decline in import capacity > Deflation
  347. Limited community responsibility of adults > Loss of cultural heritage > Deteriorating community identity > Undermined citizen confidence > Depersonalization of responsibility
  348. Inequality in distribution of energy resources among countries > Lack of integrated energy resource management > Undeveloped power resources > Underutilization of renewable energy resources > Inadequate energy supply infrastructure
  349. Bone fractures > Adhesion related disorders > Chronic pelvic pain > Unnecessary gynaecological surgery > Osteoporosis
  350. Unethical practices of environmentalists > Inadequate evaluation of environmental costs > Untested efficacy of environmental policy > False claims regarding environmental issues > Unrealistic environmentalism
  351. Faulty academic peer review > Inadequacy of scientific reasoning > Procrastination of science in the face of the unexplained > Scientific misconduct > Dogmatic scientific orthodoxy
  352. Unexplored opportunities for community education > Limited availability of education in rural areas > Limited access to reading > Illiteracy as an obstacle to acquiring skills > Attitudinal obstacles to practical education
  353. Lack of support for local commercial services > Diminishing capital investment in small communities > Discouraging conditions for small business > Departure of business from small communities to urban locations > Ineffectiveness of tradition-bound small business methods
  354. Elitism > Class consciousness > Class discriminatory language > Class conflict > Social stratification
  355. Unadapted significance of cultural tradition > Modern disruption of traditional symbol systems > Restrictive patterns of tradition-bound lifestyle > Inadequacy of prevailing learning systems > Restrictive social practices
  356. Cultural fragmentation > Segregation of poor and minority population in urban ghettos > Environmental degradation of inner city areas > Impoverished social environment > Cultural deprivation
  357. Impairment > Uncertainty > Unbelief > Withdrawal > Stagnation
  358. Distorted media presentations > Decline in public interest broadcasting > Overlooked media channels > Insufficient cultural media > Elitist public information
  359. Lack of skilled manpower in rural areas > Excessive dependence of local communities on outside services > Restricted scope of local employment > Enticing attractions of urban employment > Community expertise drain
  360. Vulnerability of nuclear power sources > Radiation accidents > Radioactive contamination > Radiation damage to materials > Nuclear reactor accidents
  361. Anti-intellectualism > Politicization of scholarship > Endorsement of false government claims > Disagreement among experts > Intellectual dissent
  362. Scientific racism > Inadequacy and insensitivity of intelligence testing > Gender inequality in intelligence > Desegregation > Overriding individual differences
  363. Felt community powerlessness > Underutilization of potential in local communities > Prohibitive cost of basic services > Inadequate domestic refuse disposal > Oppressive prevalent images
  364. Physical unfitness > Fragility of maintaining basic health > Illness > Uncertainty > Inactivity
  365. Obesity > Flight-related illness > Fatigue > Injurious accidents > Human disability
  366. Unavailability of appropriate expertise > Dependence on external expertise > Inadequacies of foreign consultants > Superficial research > Disagreement among experts
  367. Destruction inherent in development > Failure of development policies > Underdevelopment of countries > Burdensome cost of religious ceremonies > Failure of development programmes
  368. Ethnic cleansing > Atrocities > Distorted exclusiveness of social groups > Fascism > Antisemitism
  369. Decline in rural customs and traditions > Moral pretension > Restrictive social policies > Discriminatory imposition of standards > Contempt for traditional atttitudes to nature
  370. Forced separation of parents and children > Adoption of children by unsuitable parents > Annulment of adoption > Childlessness > Trafficking in children for adoption
  371. Scientific ignorance > Anti-science > Inhibited scientific investigation > Irrelevant scientific activity > Irrelevance of science and technology
  372. Intimidation > Coercion > Corruption > Poverty > Danger
  373. Inadequate transportation facilities for rural communities > Inaccessible educational facilities > Ineffective systems of practical education > Underdeveloped technological skill > Lack of specialized technology
  374. Inadequate appreciation of culture > Destruction of human heritage > Lack of variety of social life forms > Cultural revolution > Dismissal of past cultural achievements
  375. Cult of youth > Harmful tattooing > Unsightly skin blemishes > Discrimination against unattractive people > Dissatisfaction with personal image
  376. Unreliability > Uncertainty > Inactivity > Impatience > Forgetfulness
  377. Unaccountability of international financial institutions > Burden of servicing foreign public debt > Insufficient national creditworthiness > Excessive anxiety on overseas lending > Restrictive conditions on loans through intergovernmental facilities
  378. Student absenteeism > Inadequate results of formal schooling > Anti-intellectualism > Undervaluation of education by parents > Inadequate education system
  379. Vulnerability of small nations to foreign intervention > Foreign government intervention > Foreign control > Denial of right of self determination > Human dependence